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Additional info for Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change

Example text

The application of this database to the empirical confirmation of the hypothesis depends upon the success of the normalization procedure which converts the 439 speakers to a common grid. This log mean normalization (Chapter 5) is generally effective in eliminating the acoustic differences that are the result of variation in vocal tract length, while preserving those social differences that are characteristic of the speech community (Nearey 1978; Hindle 1978; Labov 1994: Ch. 5; Adank 2003). 5 is a Plotnik mean file diagram for the 22 dialects to be defined in Chapter 11.

E. u:, respelled in the French style as ou, diphthongized with further nucleus-glide differentiation in the Great Vowel Shift, in house, mouth, proud, now, cow. This process did not affect vowels before labials or velars or after /y/, which remain in the current /uw/ class: you, your, youth, soup, group, etc. E. and French sources, spelled u, eau, ew, ui, which were generally realized with a palatal onglide as /juw/. The loss of the glide after coronals in North America created the opposition of /iw/ and /uw/ in dew vs.

Three defining terms are involved: Zones of Influence (ZI), Central Cities, and Urbanized Areas (UA). The selection of places to be sampled involves intersecting characteristics of the three levels, as will be explained below. The terms will first be defined, and then the selection criteria that produced the overall sampling plan will be described. Zone of Influence A Zone of Influence (ZI) is a set of counties. It is derived from the 1992 County Penetration Reports of the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).

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