By William Oldendorf M.D., William Oldendorf Jr. (auth.)
ISBN-10: 1461292344
ISBN-13: 9781461292340
ISBN-10: 146132081X
ISBN-13: 9781461320814
This e-book isn't meant as a normal textual content on MRI. it's written as an intro duction to the sector, for nonexperts. We current right here an easy exposition of convinced points of MRI which are vital to appreciate to exploit this important diagnostic instrument intelligently in a medical surroundings. the elemental ideas are awarded nonmathematically, utilizing no equations and at the very least symbols and abbreviations. For these requiring a deeper knowing of MRI, this e-book may help facilitate the transition to plain texts. Chapters 1 via four supply a normal advent to the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance and the way it really is utilized in imaging. bankruptcy 1 discus ses magnetic resonance, utilizing a compass needle to illustrate. In bankruptcy 2, the transition to the magnetic resonance of the atomic nucleus is made. bankruptcy three describes the rules of imaging. In bankruptcy four, the phrases T 1 and T 2 are defined and their courting to tissue characterization; the thrill damental position of thermal magnetic noise in T 1 and T 2 is discussed.
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Extra resources for Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Example text
Because of these two effects and the variable number of electrons of a 43 COMPASS NEEDLE ELECTROMAGNETISM unpaired proton or neutron or both nuclear spin axis nucleus PARAMAGNETISM NUCLEAR MAGNETISM Figure 25. In Chapter 2 we learned that an atomic nucleus is magnetic ifit possesses a net spin from unpaired protons or neutrons (see Figures 5 and 6). Electrons orbiting the nucleus may also produce magnetism due to their orbital motion and spin. This paramagnetism is much stronger than nuclear magnetism.
In addition to inconsistencies from a single MRI scanner, relaxation times seem to differ substantially from machine to machine. Greater relaxation time accuracy will undoubtedly be realized in the future. It is impossible to determine from scans that display T I or T 2 just what complex chemical or structural factors have contributed to these relaxation times. In clinical use of MRI, correlations between pathology and T I and T 2 are presently established empirically. For example, while it is known that most types of brain pathological lesions lengthen T 2, and so are seen best by T rweighted scans, the exact reasons for this are not known.
A small hole in an inflated tire produces a higher pitched hissing sound than a larger hole. Both types of hissing noise contain a wide range of frequencies, but the higher hiss contains more high-pitched frequencies than the lower hiss. In summary, both TI and T2 measure responses of hydrogen nuclei to magnetic perturbations from the environment. T I is solely a response to a specific frequency component in these perturbations, the resonant larmor frequency of the hydrogen nucleus. T 2 is a response to magnetic perturbations of any frequency.
Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging by William Oldendorf M.D., William Oldendorf Jr. (auth.)
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