By Michael Himmel
ISBN-10: 1405163607
ISBN-13: 9781405163606
Replacement and renewable fuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass supply a promising substitute to standard strength resources, and supply strength defense, monetary progress, and environmental advantages. although, plant phone partitions clearly withstand decomposition from microbes and enzymes - this collective resistance is called "biomass recalcitrance". step forward applied sciences are had to triumph over obstacles to constructing competitively priced tactics for changing biomass to fuels and chemical compounds. This publication examines the relationship among biomass constitution, ultrastructure, and composition, to resistance to enzymatic deconstruction, with the purpose of learning new in your price range applied sciences for biorefineries. It includes chapters on issues extending from the top degrees of biorefinery layout and biomass life-cycle research, to precise elements of plant mobile wall constitution, chemical remedies, enzymatic hydrolysis, and product fermentation innovations. Biomass Recalcitrance is key interpreting for researchers, strategy chemists and engineers operating in biomass conversion, additionally plant scientists operating in mobilephone wall biology and plant biotechnology.
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Additional resources for Biomass recalcitrance: deconstructing the plant cell wall for bioenergy
Example text
The product mix in a corn wet mill can be varied to provide the highest economic return based on current market conditions. However, this co-product and product flexibility commands higher capital costs so wet mills tend to be twice as large, on average, compared to current dry mills to take advantage of economies of scale. Yet, even with the larger sizes, wet mills tend to have about a 10% higher capital cost per bushel of corn processed than dry mills (12). The Phase I and II biorefinery discussion does not need to be limited to corn wet and dry mills, an existing pulp and paper mill could be considered another example on a Phase I biorefinery that produces primarily a single project.
1994) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass for Fuels Production (eds. E. O. P. Overend). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. R. Y. (2005) Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies. Bioresource Technology, 96, 1959. , Zhang, M. & Finkelstein, M. (1994) Development of genetically engineered microorganisms for ethanol production. In: Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass for Fuels Production (eds. E. O. P. Overend). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Buried in the cell wall are the elementary fibrils that harbor the cellulose core (4). Even cellulose poses a significant barrier to enzyme action, where the highly ordered and water-excluding nature of the crystallite is sufficient to significantly retard cellulase action. This point is made especially clear when considering that the processive cellulase, cellobiohydrolase II, has been estimated from kinetic data to break about 14 bonds per second (5). Cell wall microfibrils are surrounded by sheaves of hemicellulose that, in turn, is covalently linked to lignins.
Biomass recalcitrance: deconstructing the plant cell wall for bioenergy by Michael Himmel
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