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Extra resources for Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence

Example text

Part II continues the line of case studies but focuses on changing patterns of syntax and semantics, at the same time illustrating what new corpora and other electronic resources can yield. The first two chapters have several points in common, as discussed in the Introduction to Part I. The second and the third contributions deal with speech-based data, and the latter bridges to Part II, as it deals with interjections. Thus pragmatics is present already in Part II, but Part III is explicitly devoted to the emerging field of corpus pragmatics, showing how ‘marginal’ language data such as 8 Irma Taavitsainen et al.

Meyer three corpora: the London–Lund Corpus (1960–1980), the Brown corpus (1961), and the Survey of English Usage corpus (‘Quirk Corpus’) (1955–1985). Various types of spontaneous dialogues were analyzed in the London–Lund Corpus, and three written genres – press, learned (humanistic/scientific), and fiction – in the Brown and Survey of English Usage corpora. A total of 120,000 words (evenly divided among genres) were selected from each corpus. Unlike CDAs, CBAs are often based on smaller corpora with greater attention paid to insuring that the corpus being analyzed is balanced and representative (Xiao 2009: 994).

Grammatical information – Identification of noun phrases, subordinate clauses, subjects, objects, etc. Ethnographic information – Age, gender, social class, etc. Structural and ethnographic information are largely uncontroversial, since such information simply describes features of spoken and written texts such as overlapping speech or paragraph boundaries. Part of speech and grammatical information, however, are highly controversial, and proponents of CBAs and CDAs have very different attitudes towards the value of including this type of information in a corpus.

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