By Frank (Xin X.) Zhu
ISBN-10: 1118101162
ISBN-13: 9781118101162
Exploring equipment and strategies to optimize processing power potency in approach vegetation, power and procedure Optimization for the method Industries offers a holistic strategy that considers optimizing approach stipulations, altering technique flowschemes, enhancing apparatus internals, and upgrading strategy expertise that has already been utilized in a technique plant with luck. box verified through a number of working vegetation, the e-book describes technical suggestions to lessen strength intake resulting in major returns on capital and contains an 8-point directions for achievement. The booklet presents managers, chemical and mechanical engineers, and plant operators with tools and instruments for non-stop strength and procedure improvements.
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Example text
However, good operation could reach the design limit because the performance is handicapped due to inherently inefficient design. To improve the process beyond this design limitation, structural changes must be made. NOMENCLATURE A E F FE G I Q T activity such as processing feed or making products energy use feed rate fuel equivalent; amount of fuel at the source to make a unit of energy utility (power, steam) energy utility energy intensity; energy units/feed or product unit heat content temperature Greek Letters hcycle power generation efficiency; the ratio of the amount of fuel to make a unit of power Subscript ref reference process or total site REFERENCES Schipper L, Howarth RB, Carlassare E (1992a) Energy intensity, sector activity, and structural changes in the Norwegian economy, Energy: The International Journal, 17, 215–233.
Reliability is the major concern for furnace operation with heat flux for large heaters and tube wall temperature (TWT) for small heaters as the most important reliability parameters. Increasing either heat flux or TWT could increase furnace efficiency. When operating heat flux is much lower than the maximum limit, this is an indication of the furnace being underutilized and thus presents an opportunity for increased feed rate. Increase feed rate is a win-win operation since more feed also results in reduced energy intensity.
In some cases, very high pressure steam is generated in boilers, which is mainly used for power generation. For calculating the fuel equivalent of steam, a top–down approach is adopted starting from steam generators. The total FE for each steam header is the summation of all FEs entering the steam header via different steam flow paths, which include steam generated from onpurpose boilers and waste heat boilers, steam from turbine exhaust, steam from pressure letdown valves, and so on. 7) where hcycle is the cycle efficiency of power generation and Qpower represents the amount of heat content associated with power in unit of Btu/h.
Energy and Process Optimization for the Process Industries by Frank (Xin X.) Zhu
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