Download e-book for kindle: Historical and Comparative Linguistics by Raimo Anttila

By Raimo Anttila

ISBN-10: 9027235562

ISBN-13: 9789027235565

In any process ancient and comparative linguistics there'll be scholars of other language backgrounds, varied degrees of linguistic education, and various theoretical orientation. This textbook makes an attempt to mitigate the issues raised via this heterogeneity in a few methods. because it is very unlikely to regard the language or language family members of specific curiosity to each pupil, the point of interest of this booklet is on English specifically and Indo-European languages mostly, with Finnish and its heavily similar languages for distinction. The tenets of other faculties of linguistics, and the controversies between them, are handled eclectically and objectively; the exam of language itself performs the prime function in our efforts to envision the comparative price of competing theories. This revised variation (1989) of a regular paintings for comparative linguists bargains an further creation dealing mostly with a semiotic foundation of swap, a last bankruptcy on elements of rationalization, really in ancient and human disciplines, and further sections on comparative syntax and at the semiotic prestige of the comparative approach.

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Maps come closest to being genuine picture writing; but they cannot qualify as writing, because there is no direct connection with language. When artistic representation is stripped down to its bare essentials in order to transmit a communication, or when a picture is used for mnemonic purposes, we come closer to real writing, especially in the latter case (the former situation still closely follows the conventions of art). If 31 32 BACKGROUND: GENETIC LINGUISTICS AND GENERAL LINGUISTICS FIGURE 2-1.

With our normal linguistic methods we fall very short indeed of reaching the origin of language—by some hundreds of thousands of years, perhaps (see Part V). 29] The main defect in nineteenth-century speculation about the origin of language was a complete separation of culture and biology from language. The thinkers of the time assumed that a modern man had evolved without lan­ guage, but within the structure of some kind of society. Thereafter, he proceeded to invent language, imitating nature sounds (the bow-wow theory), or laboring under physical stress in group work (the yo-he-ho theory), and so on.

A given entity is a sign of a given referent (thing meant) if it elicits at least some of the responses elicited by the referent, or as normally put, a sign stands for a thing. There are three types of signs: 1. An icon expresses mainly formal, factual similarity between the meaning and the meaning carrier; that is, there is physical resemblance between the shape of the sign and the referent. Thus a photo is an icon of what it repre­ sents. , English peep, thump, gulp, and so on). 2. An index expresses mainly material relation (factual, existential contiguity) between meaning and form.

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Historical and Comparative Linguistics by Raimo Anttila


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