By David Reisman (auth.)
ISBN-10: 1137427183
ISBN-13: 9781137427182
ISBN-10: 1349491055
ISBN-13: 9781349491056
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Example text
Buchanan’s reaction would be that people are what they are. He is holding up a mirror to mankind. He is not saying that he likes what he sees. The politician is not a compassionate father-figure but a vote-chasing office-seeker. The bureaucrat is not an obedient servant but a budgetbusting empire-builder. The voter is not an impartial spectator but a narrow-minded rent-seeker. The evidence, albeit selective, speaks for itself. It is at the heart of Buchanan’s public choice: ‘One of Buchanan’s basic methodological premises is that the study of man must be based on a consistent set of assumptions; man does not become a different species in the voting booth or in a political assembly from what he is in the market’ (Sandmo, 1990: 52).
All he says is that his theory of human Individuals and Agreements 27 nature in no way precludes other-regarding conduct. People are what they are. It would be highly unscientific to take it on trust that ‘each individual will be purely selfish in making his decision. An individual may or may not include certain social values in his own value scale which is relevant for his participating in collective decisions’ (CW II, 118–19n). An individual may give to charity. An individual may donate blood.
The liberal answer is tolerance of gun-control in exchange for compromise on late-night noise. Each bloc is provided with the policy that it ranks first but it must also live with a policy that it rejects. The contractarian answer is constitutionalism. Each bloc having agreed to the rule-making rules, each is morally committed to the choices made within the framework of those rules. Each conflict in majoritarian democracy is resolved piecemeal. The adding-up problem is never addressed. The result is that ‘all persons will be placed in positions less desired than those which would be present in the total absence of politicization’ (CW XIII, 416).
James Buchanan by David Reisman (auth.)
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