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Download PDF by Professor Dr. Tatyana Volk, Apl. Professor Dr. Manfred: Lithium Niobate: Defects, Photorefraction and Ferroelectric

The booklet offers the present country of experiences of element defects, either intrinsic and extrinsic (impurities, radiation facilities, and so forth. ), in LiNbO3. The contribution of intrinsic defects to photoinduced cost delivery, i. e. to the photorefraction, is defined. The photorefractive and optical homes of LiNbO3 crystals with diverse stoichiometry and of these doped with so-called "optical-damage resistant" impurities controlling the intrinsic illness constitution are defined intimately.

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Extra info for Lithium Niobate: Defects, Photorefraction and Ferroelectric Switching

Example text

As shown later, in terms of these tests the defect structure in the optical-damage-resistant LiNbO3 crystals was analyzed. At the same time, we should mention again that there is a lack of a careful study of these effects in undoped stoichiometric crystals. According to Fig. 5, in near-stoichiometric crystals (NSLN for LiNbO3 and NSLT for LiTaO3 ) the absorption band in the visible may be also induced by a reduction treatment, although it is weaker than in Li-deficient ones. Its existence is supported by recent data of reduction experiments in NSLN grown by the Czochralski technique from a K2 O-supplemented melt [81] and in NSLN crystals produced by the VTE-technique [82].

In six nonequivalent sites for the hydroxyl ions. , positions 5 and 6 in Fig. 10, are not occupied by OH, so the OH absorption band should be formed by four components corresponding to four different OH-bonds. Actually, a careful deconvolution of the band shapes of the OH spectra for different [Li]/[Nb] ratios gives 4 or 5 lines. From a deconvolution of the band in nearly stoichiometric LiNbO3 the four Lorentzian components 3,465, 3,472, 3,479, and 3,488 cm−1 were obtained [108], formerly only two being well resolved.

For example, some authors interpreted the EPR spectra of Fe3+ as evidences of its incorporation on the Nb sites [127–129]. Difficulties in the identification of EPR spectra of TM3+ (and Ln3+ ) ions in LiNbO3 are due to the fact that the local environment at the Li and Nb sites is very similar. Only a combination of the EPR data with the EXAFS and ENDOR measurements [130–132], permitted to conclude that Fe3+ incorporate onto the Li sites in the congruent LiNbO3 . As seen from Fig. 12, the EPR spectrum of Fe3+ in congruent LiNbO3 is strongly asymmetric.

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