Download e-book for kindle: Structure Formation in Solution : Ionic Polymers and by Norio Ise, Ikuo Sogami

By Norio Ise, Ikuo Sogami

ISBN-10: 3540252711

ISBN-13: 9783540252719

ISBN-10: 3540277153

ISBN-13: 9783540277156

This publication is designed to severely assessment experimental findings on ionic polymers and colloidal debris and to turn out a theoretical framework in line with the Poisson-Boltzmann strategy. constitution formation in ionic polymer ideas has attracted recognition because the days of H. Staudinger and J. D. Bernal. An self sufficient examine on ionic colloidal dispersions with microscopy supplied a compelling proof of constitution formation. fresh technical advancements have made it attainable to amass suitable details for either ionic polymers and colloidal debris in dilute structures. the phenomenal phenomenon experimentally came upon is microscopic inhomogeneity within the solute distribution in macroscopically homogeneous systems.To account for the commentary, the current authors have invoked the life of the counterion-mediated appeal among equally charged solute species, as well as the generally authorized electrostatic repulsion.

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If this picture is applied to macroionic dispersions, the macroions are described as forming ordered arrays by exerting the screened repulsion in the medium-range and a weak long-range cohesive force through the intermediary of counterions. Of course it is necessary to make quantitative estimation of the free energies of the system in order to decide what kind of manifestation mechanism of electric interaction gives a correct picture for the description of macroionic dispersions. In the DLVO theory, the Helmholtz free energy F of a dispersion is calculated, provided that the colloidal particles take a quasi-static configuration in the dispersion.

This mechanism has its basis on the observation by computer simulation that groups of rigid balls exerting mutually pure repulsive forces in a box tend to form crystalline orderings when the volume fraction of the balls exceeds 55%. This simple mechanism, however, seem to be insufficient to explain a variety of medium- and long-range phenomena such as void formation and multi-stage phase transitions in crystallization described in Chaps. 4 and 5. In order to describe various phenomena of macroionic dispersions on the medium- and long-range scales in a unified way, it is necessary to investigate possible ways of manifestation of electric interactions in macroionic dispersions.

Since the condition is a homogeneous function of order 1 with respect to the numbers Nj (j = k), there holds the relation ∂Nk Nj = Nk . 3 Debye-H¨ uckel Theory of Strong Electrolytes ⎛ ⎝ j=k ⎛ ⎞ ∂f ⎠ Nj ∂Nj =⎝ j=k neutrality cond. 55) = j ∂f Nj . ∂Nj Note that all variables are regarded as independent in the last line of this calculation. 49) as if all the variables were independent. This analysis has an important meaning in the investigation of macroionic dispersions in Chap. 6. 3 Debye-H¨ uckel Theory: Ions with a Finite Radius So far, the ions have been regarded as point-like particles.

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Structure Formation in Solution : Ionic Polymers and Colloidal Particles by Norio Ise, Ikuo Sogami


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