Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics by Gareth Evans, John McDowell PDF

By Gareth Evans, John McDowell

ISBN-10: 019825007X

ISBN-13: 9780198250074

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Extra info for Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics

Sample text

Now suppose J . A . FOSTER 28 S1 is an La-sentence, S2 its canonical English translation, and 'rx' any variable not occurring in S2. Let S3 be the open sentence we obtain from S2 by the following procedure : for each integer i and each integer n, if 'Ft-'v1'-' '-'vn is an atomic sentence contained in S2 ' we replace it by the set-theoretical sentence '<''-'v1,-. g. 'F3xy' gets replaced by '

First, there is the argument, possibly ascribable to Hintikka, that I am reading more meaning into an extensional language than the austerity of its syntax allows, that in such a language the full significance of the elements does not exceed their truth-relevant significance, and that the extra meaning I thought I discerned has been, so to speak, misappropriated from the richer resources possessed by an extensional fragment of a larger non­ extensional language. 4 Secondly, it might be argued that, while the case of extensional languages is as I have represented it, no natural, autonomous language could be purely extensional, since to speak a language requires having propositional attitudes, and to have such attitudes requires the ability to ascribe them to oneself and others by means of nonextensional idiom.

Each world has its own space-time frame of reference by which we can identify and reidentify the material particulars within it. But there is no common frame of reference, relating space-time points in one world with space-time points in another, by which we can trace an actual particular, such as Socrates, from the real world into the ones we envisage. The problem is not merely that in some nonactual world the extension of 'Socratizes' may be undecidable, for many predicates may be extensionally undecidable in virtue of their vague­ ness relative to the ultimate qualitative possibilities.

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Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics by Gareth Evans, John McDowell


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